SMAD1 and cancer: The results showed that 12 TSLNR genome loci (those of WWC2-AS2, TRHDE-AS1, SMAD1-AS1, PGM5-AS1, NR2F1-AS1, MEG3, HCG11, HAND2-AS1, FTX, FAM66C, EPB41L4A-AS2 and CYP1B1-AS1) exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation in cancer tissues than normal tissues (Fig. 5a).