Patients in the low-IS group were more likely to have a previous history of diabetes mellitus, underwent less operations before suffering AKI and needed less RRT than patients in the high-IS group, while patients in the high-IS group had higher serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, β2-microglobulin, and hemoglobin levels and higher RBC counts than patients in the low-IS group. Here, HLA-G is linked to acute kidney injury.