Reported in C6 glioma cells (astrocyte-like cell lines) and primary astrocytes with mixed glial cells, IS-induced activation of NF-kB, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and downregulation of cell-protective factors such as NRF-2, HO-1, or NQO1 [16]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is glioma.