The key player molecules involved in this dynamic and continuously evolving inflammatory and immunomodulatory scenario are cytokines produced by both tumor and inflammatory cells, including the pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα; the anti-inflammatory IL-10; and the dual-face cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), which exerts opposite and context-dependent effects. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.