TGFB1 and neoplasm: In another study, the Panc02 murine PDAC cells line was shown to release, in culture media, high amounts of TGFβ and VEGF, of which the levels correlated with tumor progression when Panc02 cells were orthotopically injected in C57BL/6 mice, while levels of other cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-2, did not vary [60].