CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Given that Tscm populations are potentially able to migrate to the gut, our findings allow to hypothesize that CD4+ Tscm migrate to gut in the course of cART contributing to the partial restoration of peripheral T-cell homeostasis; in contrast, the restoration of the CD8+ Tscm subset, which has been linked to clinical protection in HIV infection [24, 30], may take over 12 months of cART in the clinical setting of moderate immune-depression, entailing that a lengthier follow-up of subjects enrolled in longitudinal studies is needed to explore the precise kinetics of this pool.