It further has been shown that in VSD, ANP as well as BNP correlate with the shunt size of the defect [ANP: small: 59.1 ± 28.9 pg/mL (n = 17), moderate: 130.6 ± 12.2 pg/mL (n = 5), large: 386 ± 194.1 pg/mL (n = 12)] (11, 21). This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and ventricular septal defect.