Our findings in this study show that overactivations of TRPV1 and TRPV4 in the esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by low dose of capsaicin, noxious thermal stimulation and hypotonic stimulation could promote cellular proliferation and/or migration and thus may further promote the development of ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.