TRPV1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: We found that TRPV‐1, 2, and 4 were all expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in the nontumor esophageal squamous cells and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, whereas TRPV3 mRNA transcript and protein were not detectable among all 3 cell lines (Fig. 1A,B).