23 Mutations (includes 9 duplicate mutations) for GPNMB (Fig. 9A) was found that included various missense mutations such as amino acid changes A22T, P260L, S442R, N300D, S492L etc. GPNMB contains PKD (Polycystic Kidney Disease) domain identified in PKD protein polycystin-1 having role in protein–protein and protein–carbohydrate adhesive interactions. The gene discussed is PKD1; the disease is polycystic kidney disease.