The forkhead box transcription factor Foxf2, which represses Wnt signaling in the gastrointestinal system (Ormestad et al., 2006), may effect Tgfβ signaling during palate development, and has been linked to orofacial clefts in both mice and humans (Bu et al., 2015; Nik et al., 2016) (Table 2, Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and orofacial cleft.