Individuals with ciliopathies resulting from defects of the primary cilia often have CLP, and tissue-specific deletion of the intraflagellar transport genes intraflagellar transport 88 (Ift88) or kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a) in mice causes CLP (Liu et al., 2014b; Schock et al., 2017; Tian et al., 2017) (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene IFT88 and ciliopathy.