BRAF and thyroid cancer: As, most of the thyroid patients can be cured with surgical treatment together with radioactive iodide, however BRAF-mutated thyroid cancer cells have lower expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroid transcription factors (TTF-1 and TTF-2), and thyroglobulin (TG) than those cells having wild-type (WT) BRAF [19], and are particularly refractory to radioiodine therapy [20].