LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: Furthermore, findings gathered from LRRK2G2019S-mutated iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons of PD patients and Lrrk2 transgenic mice indicate that mutant LRRK2 toxicity in neurons was attributable to perturbations of autophagy and lysosomal pathways, including macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (Orenstein et al., 2013).