Using this assay, elevated active VWF levels were identified in plasma from patients with VWD type 2B [13], TTP [13], HELLP syndrome [14], systemic inflammatory response syndrome [15], antiphospholipid syndrome [16], diabetes [17], first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [18], sickle cell disease [19], malaria [20] and dengue [21]. Here, VWF is linked to malaria.