Anti-TNF therapy was used for the treatment of TRAPS with some initial success; however, a large number of these patients eventually become resistant to this treatment116,117, and an increasing number of reports subsequently revealed the clinical benefits of anti-IL-1β and/or anti-IL-6 therapy in the forms of canakinumab and tocilizumab, respectively118–123. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.