We examined the numbers of somatic substitutions and indels in protein-coding exons, and identified twenty significantly mutated genes, including previously known bladder cancer-associated oncogenes or tumor suppressors (e.g., FGFR3, TP53, and PIK3CA), and new significantly mutated genes (e.g., CASP8, PMS2, and ZNF814) (Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene PMS2 and urinary bladder cancer.