PMS2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: We examined the numbers of somatic substitutions and indels in protein-coding exons, and identified twenty significantly mutated genes, including previously known bladder cancer-associated oncogenes or tumor suppressors (e.g., FGFR3, TP53, and PIK3CA), and new significantly mutated genes (e.g., CASP8, PMS2, and ZNF814) (Fig. 1c).