As such, these rats, consistent with previous reports19, 20, 37, exhibited mild hyperglycemia (Supplementary Figure 5a), elevated rates of glucose production (Supplementary Figure 5b), and with no compensatory changes in plasma insulin levels measured at basal levels [0.8 ± 0.1 ng ml−1 for NA-STZ injected HFD rats (n = 8) vs. 0.9 ± 0.1 ng ml−1 for saline injected chow-fed rats (n = 6)]. This evidence concerns the gene ST3GAL4 and Hyperglycemia.