Nearly all BCCs display aberrant activation of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, due to loss of function mutations of PTCH [42,75] or activating mutations of SMO [76] and the Hedgehog inhibitor Vismodegib is approved for the treatment of locally advanced BCC (LaBCC) or metastatic BCC (mBCC) [77]. The gene discussed is PTCH1; the disease is skin basal cell carcinoma.