In addition, the upregulation of proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), can also disrupt E-cadherin/catenin-mediated cell-cell adhesion [10,11], and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), a multifunctional cytokine that is secreted by mesenchymal cells in the tumour microenvironment, can downregulate E-cadherin and induce pro-migratory small G proteins (small GTPases), such as Ras, Rho/Rac, and Ras-associated protein (Rap) [5,12,13]. This evidence concerns the gene HGF and neoplasm.