Therefore, we hypothesize that the dual oncogene/tumor suppressor role of PATZ1 is exerted in two different cell populations within the tumor: the oncogenic role, on the CSC, contributes to the maintenance of the stemness, thus enhancing the in vivo engraftment of the tumor; the tumor suppressor role, on bulk cancer cells, inhibits proliferation and reverts the transformed phenotype. This evidence concerns the gene PATZ1 and cancer.