Increased (compliant) N2BA titin was detected in mice with pathological hypertrophy [59] as well as human patients with coronary artery disease [60], patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [61], or end stage heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy [62,63], where changes to the stiffness in the heart have been observed. Here, TTN is linked to dilated cardiomyopathy.