TARDBP and infection: To determine whether TMEV infection induces cleavage of TDP-43, as in the case ofALS, we carried out Western blots on RIPA-soluble and insoluble (but ureasoluble) fractions extracted from TMEV-infected BHK-21 cell lysates at 8 HPI.Following infection with both wt and TMEVΔL virus, ~35-kDa and ~25-kDa bands aswell as the expected 43-kDa band of full-length TDP-43 were detected in theurea-soluble, but not RIPA-soluble fraction, of BHK-21 cell lysates (Fig 5A).