The engraftment of gene-modified AD-MSC into tumor masses has been evaluated by immunofluorescence through the staining of human CD90 (Fig. 4b, in red) as differential marker between mice-derived stromal elements and human AD-MSC, and MIT (Fig. 4b, in green) as marker for both tumor and MSC cells of human origin. Here, THY1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.