Using the clinical biochemical measure of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for treatment response, 70% of OSNhi prostate patients went on to develop resistance to ADT in 1.9 years (n = 58) compared to 54% of OSNlo patients (n = 55) (Fig. 4a; t-test, p = 0.0016). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostatitis.