However, our findings are similar to recent work in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) demonstrating that expression of the human HSPCs markers CD34 and CD38 is highly plastic at the single cell level and recent work in AML showing a non-hierarchical relationship between CD34+ and CD34− LSCs25,33. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.