5-FU, the final product of CPBN metabolism, has been shown to exert its effects on PpIX levels in murine and human SCC tumors by upregulating the levels of two rate-limiting enzymes of the heme pathway, coproporphyrinogen oxidase (upregulation) and ferrochelatase (down regulation), in a way that favors accumulation of higher PpIX levels inside the tumor cells’ mitochondria[24]. The gene discussed is CPOX; the disease is neoplasm.