CCL11 (Eotaxin) was selectively increased in biliary atresia patients, while IL-3, IL-6, CXCL8 (IL-8), IL-9, IL-16, MIF, CCL4 (MIP-1 β), and CXCL1 (GRO-α), were increased in both biliary atresia and acute liver failure. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and acute liver failure.