A phase I dose escalation clinical trial in dogs with osteosarcoma found that ADXS31-164 (Listeria expressing a chimeric human HER2/neu fusion protein) administered in the setting of minimal residual disease could induce HER2/neu-specific immunity and may reduce the incidence of metastatic disease and prolong overall survival [132]. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and osteosarcoma.