And these responses were abolished in MyD88 or TLR7 deficient cells suggesting that exosomes containing FMR1-AS1 derived from ESCC CSCs could activate TLR7-MyD88-NFκB-c-Myc signaling pathways in non-CSCs involved with stemness phenotypes while the release and uptake of exosome could be controlled. The gene discussed is MYC; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.