While demyelination and elevated levels of myelin basic protein in CSF were reported in people with HIV/AIDS in the early 1990s, these findings were generally confined to patients with the AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by the neurotropic JC virus, or other opportunistic infections of the CNS [31, 32]. The gene discussed is MBP; the disease is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.