TNF and lung adenocarcinoma: Similarly, we performed phylogenetic clustering on additional datasets where samples had been analyzed longitudinally, including GSE17708 [38], microarray data from A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with TGF-β over a period of 72 h, and GSE12548, microarray data from human ARPE-19 retinal pigment epithelium cells treated with TGF-β and TNF-α over 60 h [39].