TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: As expected, the present investigation showed that HFD induced the following: an obvious gain inbody weight and liver weight, an increase of fasting blood glucose, elevations of lipid levels in serum and liver, increases of serum ALT activity and hepatic MDA content, a significant upregulation of the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-kB and iNOS, decreases of SOD and GSH-Px activities, inhibition of adiponectin secretion, and upregulation of NAFLD-related gene expression, such as LXR-α, SREBP-1c and FAS.