Whilst some evidence suggests that obesity may modulate the association between APOE genotype and fasting insulin and glucose levels, and hence potentially inflammation in men (Elosua et al., 2003), other studies point to independent effects of obesity, diabetes, and APOE genotype to LOAD risk (Profenno et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.