MPO and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Serum cell-free DNA (642 ± 193 vs. 281 ± 127 and 140 ± 32 ng/ml, p < 0.001, Figure 1D) and MPO-DNA complexes, markers of NET formation, were significantly elevated in patients with severe AP in comparison with mild AP and healthy controls (0.258 ± 0.06 vs. 0.168 ± 0.05 and 0.123 ± 0.01 OD450, p < 0.001, Figure 1E).