As found in the studies conducted with adiponectin, we found that the level of cartonectin, which has the closest structural similarity to adiponectin, was increased in the hemodialysis patient group when compared to the control and predialysis groups, which were similar regarding BMI and weight in our study, even in the presence of insulin resistance and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Insulin resistance.