BDNF and diabetes mellitus: In participants with DM, more ambulatory physical activity was associated with higher IGF-1 levels (β ± standard error (SE) = 0.22 ± 0.08, p = 0.009), and more total physical activity was related to higher BDNF levels (β ± SE = 0.18 ± 0.08, p = 0.035), but physical activity was not significantly related to circulating VEGF.