We therefore performed a retrospective study to analyze long term relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in adult non-transplant patients with de novo AML receiving IDAC or high dose Ara-C (HiDAC) based on clinical data, cytogenetic patterns and mutations of NPM1, FLT3-ITD and CEBPA. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.