In another study, the AD transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD and rTg4510) harbouring mutated tau genes [11,13] has been administered with an intraperitoneal injection of purified commercial LPS from Escherichia coli (12 doses over 6 weeks) in 4-months-old 3xTg-AD mice; the authors firmly implicated the role of microglial cytokines (IL-1β) in tau phosphorylation [11]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.