Recent studies reveal that andrographolide has the ability to protect the lungs from oxidative injury caused by cigarette smoke and suppress nontypeable Haemophilus influenza- (NTHi-) increased inflammatory and oxidative lung injury in a CS-predisposed mouse model that imitates COPD exacerbation, while the mechanism of action may be attained by the induction of Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective responses [122, 123]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.