MB and rhabdomyolysis: Based on our experience with WB-EMS novices [17] and considering the enhanced training status of the participants (Compared to untrained persons, CK-increase of athletes were much lower [26, 38]), we expected CK and myoglobin concentrations in the area of a moderate (i.e., 10-50-fold increase of resting concentration) rhabdomyolysis [39] after our exercise/lower body EMS protocol that focused exclusively on gluteus, thigh, and calf muscles.