Increased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the mucosa of patients with IBD, contributes to the proinflammatory cascade, and in turn intestinal barrier disruption (Madara and Stafford, 1989; Adams et al., 1993; Schmitz et al., 1999; Bruewer et al., 2003) (Figure 5). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.