The proinflammatory pathways that are involved in these processes and provide a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer include but not limited to, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6/STAT3, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PGE2, and IL-23/Th17 (Crusz and Balkwill, 2015; Raposo et al., 2015). The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is cancer.