AGT and congestive heart failure: Given the established role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) promoting the progression of CHF (Braunwald, 2015; Ziaeian and Fonarow, 2016; Packer and McMurray, 2017 CEPP), urinary angiotensinogen excretion and concentrations of angiotensin II (ANG II) were also determined.