This mechanism will no doubt contribute to the global role of FOXM1 in mediating 5-FU resistance; however, it is also notable from our work that upon 5-FU treatment (1 μg/mL) (Fig. 2E), all the TYMS proteins were converted into the inactive and slower migrating FdUMP-ligated forms in the sensitive HCT116 colon carcinoma cell lines, whereas in the resistant HCT116 5-FU Res cells a great proportion of the overexpressed TYMS proteins remained active and uncomplexed33. This evidence concerns the gene FOXM1 and colon carcinoma.