CD8A and cancer: Considering the evident importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in determining clinical outcomes in multiple cancers, and the dearth of knowledge surrounding the involvement of this pathway in TNBCs, our group used multimodal methodologies, including conventional pathology techniques, multiplex immunofluorescent (mIF) staining and NanoString to retrospectively evaluate PD-1+ total immune infiltrates, the CD8+PD-1+ subset, PD-L1 protein expression, and transcript levels of CD274, PDCD1 and IFNG. We subsequently identified the factors among these that were associated with clinical outcomes.