While many neurologic diseases, such as fragile X syndrome, which is caused by a lack of FMRP, have been associated with altered local translation (Kelleher and Bear, 2008; Meyer-Luehmann et al., 2009), it is unclear whether disease causes the same perturbation in all neurons or whether a certain cell type contributes more heavily to the phenotypes. This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and fragile X syndrome.