The role of LPC in T2DM is still controversial; some researchers consider LPCs as a pro-inflammatory factor associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease comorbidities (Huang et al., 1999), while others believe LPC may be beneficial for glucose and metabolic homeostasis, and not related to insulin resistance (Yea et al., 2009; Klingler et al., 2016). Here, INS is linked to atherosclerosis.