TNF and Alzheimer disease: Moreover, the BIS-MEP treatment suppressed more than 50% of Aβ deposition, inhibited astrocyte and microglia activation, and decreased the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in the hippocampus, which blocked neuroinflammation and neuronal death, and more importantly, reversed the cognitive and memory deficits in the AD mouse model in the Morris water maze test.