TNF and hyperinsulinism: In our study, 8-week HF feeding to mice induced mild body weight gain (14.4% or 3.7 g), increased FBG level within the normal range (< 126 mg/dL [34]), and upregulated levels of a part of serum cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10) and lipids (TC and HDLC) without hyperinsulinemia.