In humans, a heterozygous mutation of NFΚBIA at serine 32 of a patient with hyper immunoglobulin M-like immunodeficiency syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia was accompanied by an impairment of NF-κB translocation and of T cell receptor induced proliferation40 (Table 1). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is ectodermal dysplasia syndrome.