The putative role of CRL4 as a key tumorigenesis driver is supported by several observations that Cul4A/DDB1 is highly upregulated in numerous malignant cancers, including breast carcinomas24,25, hepatocellular carcinomas26, prostate cancer27, childhood medulloblastoma28, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)29,30, ovarian cancer2 and others. This evidence concerns the gene DDB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.