For example, in a cohort of human patients with primary colorectal cancers, leptin expression has been observed in more than half of the patients (Koda et al., 2007); a study on a lung cancer cell line has indicated that leptin promotes progression of lung cancer by inducing proinflammatory cytokines and preventing cell apoptosis (Shen et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and colorectal cancer.