SP1 and neoplasm: In this context, it was found that Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation of miR-205 promotes radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [34], where the miRNA was reported to exert oncogenic functions [35], and that miR-205 determines the radioresistance of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma by directly targeting PTEN [36], thus envisaging a possible opposite role of the miRNA in controlling radiation response as a function of tumour cell type, based on the availability of specific targets.